The Additional Protocols, however, have yet to achieve near-universal acceptance. The four Geneva Conventions have achieved universal applicability as they have been universally ratified. These are referred to as Additional Protocol I (AP I), governing international armed conflict, and Additional Protocol II (AP II), governing non-international armed conflict. The two branches of law covered in the Hague and Geneva Conventions are further developed by the first two Protocols Additional to the Geneva Conventions on the protection of civilians (1977). It was established to prevent in future conflicts the scale of civilian suffering experienced during the two World Wars. The Fourth Geneva Convention is particularly relevant to humanitarian protection and assistance. These are the wounded and sick in armed forces in the field (GCI) the wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea (GCII) prisoners of war (GCIII) and protected civilians (GC IV). International convention: The two main treaty sources of IHL are the Hague Convention (1907), setting out restrictions on the means and methods of warfare, and the four Geneva Conventions (GCs) (1949), providing protection to certain categories of vulnerable persons. The sources of IHL are the same as those for international law in general: Regulation of the means and methods of warfare.Protection and assistance to those affected by the hostilities.It subjects warfare to the rule of law by limiting its destructive effect and mitigating human suffering. International humanitarian law, also referred to as the law of armed conflict or the law of war, is designed to balance humanitarian concerns and military necessity.
What are the aims and sources of IHL?Īlthough the origins of IHL can be traced to at least the nineteenth century, the principles and practices on which it is based are much older. As noted, it is inspired by considerations of humanity and the mitigation of human suffering. International humanitarian law comprises a set of rules, established by treaty or custom, applicable in situations of armed conflict.
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